Rahim Tabet | Februari 23, 2016 |
Kenya
Kenya economy is more modern than that of the other East African countries. Ca. 75% of the workforce was employed in agriculture in 2013; the contribution of this sector to the gross national product (GNP), however, was only 29.3%. The vast majority of the people of Kenya live in an area with moderate to good arable land (20% of the total surface). However, the rural population is nearly half the subsistence level. However, agriculture is the main foreign exchange earner (half of the exports consist of agricultural products, M. N. coffee and tea), followed by the fast-growing tourism. The recurrent periods of drought are a major problem for the agricultural sector.
Industry (about 15% of GDP in 2013) and trade (about 10% of GDP) based esp. On private entrepreneurship. Industrial, agricultural and tourism sector are largely in the hands of foreign companies. Although the government has a larger Kenyan participation in the economy, it also encourages foreign companies to invest in Kenya. A major problem is unemployment (40% in 2013), mainly caused by the extremely rapid population growth. School leavers are mainly employed in the informal sector and in family, in the construction of houses for private use and in local services. The development of non-agricultural sources of income, as well as the redistribution of farms, to give a response to rapid population growth.
Another problem is the disappointing economic growth; the average annual growth of only 2% against a population growth of almost 4%. (a good 5% growth in 2013). This was due to the lagging agricultural production and the negative results of an industrialization policy that was aimed at curbing imports. The dependence on foreign capital is high. Foreign debt amounted to 53% of GNP. (2013)
A handicap for economic development is finally the lack of mineral and energy resources such as oil, natural gas and coal.
Foreign aid is very important for the economy. In development, the focus is on combating poverty and the so-called. Kenya Lilac economy. Other notable points against corruption, total eradication of illiteracy, improvement of medical facilities and the transport system. Many investments are made in the tourism sector. Development activities are often carried by church groups, often supported from abroad.
Agriculture, livestock, fisheries and forestry
Kenya, like many other African countries an agrarian country. The bulk of the population lives in rural areas. Only thirteen percent of the land is suitable for agriculture, because there is sufficient rain. Half of the agricultural production is sold on the consumer market and the rest is for personal use. Kenya provides virtually in their own food needs, grain after.
The main agricultural products are sisal, pyrethrum (a raw material for an insecticide), wheat, sugar, pineapple and cotton. Maize is the staple food which mainly thrives in warm, moist areas. The production of coffee and tea is mainly promoted as an export product. In years with good production was the tea accounted for 25% of total export earnings. Growth sectors are more vegetables, especially the flowers, which will be auctioned for about two-thirds in Aalsmeer. Only large farms can produce profitable, but are an exception. After the great land reform African farmers and ranchers each got their own piece of land, which were too small to operate profitably. They were sometimes too small to meet their own needs.
The herd beside sheep and goats comprising mainly cattle, which are mostly held by nomads as the Maasai. In the drier areas, farming is the main economic activity combined with the cultivation of food crops such as millet and sorghum. In dry years, emphasized the fragile nature of the livestock. Most livestock products are consumed by the population. Meat, meat products and hides make 6% of total exports. Through a changed pattern of consumption should also be increasingly produced for domestic demand.
Fishing in the Indian Ocean and the Great Lakes is only of local significance. In 1997, there was approximately 160,000 tonnes of fish caught, of which only 6,000 tonnes of sea fish. Most freshwater fish caught in Lake Victoria. Forest area, located mostly between 1800 and 3000 m above sea level, is largely protected and therefore can not be operated economically. Moreover, forest resources in a reduced period of fifty years from 30% to 3% by expanding agriculture and the increasing demand for wood. An ecological catastrophe is threatening because already 25% of the country is desert. Economic interest or the bamboo forests for large paper mill in Webuye.
Mining and energy
The mining industry is of limited relevance (contribution to GDP in 2013: 2%). Of the many mined minerals is soda-axis the most important. There are other references minerals such as silver, gold, lead and limestone, but to exploit these are not yet cost-effective.The energy supply is mainly dependent on imported oil. About 70% of the energy required to be imported. Four hydroelectric power plants are located along the Tanarivier and another is in the Tukwel Gorge.
Industry
Ca. 40% of the total industrial production consists of food and beverage. Furthermore, to be called the chemical, metal, textile and leather industry and the paper and printing industry. Most large industrial companies are foreign companies. Most companies are located around Nairobi and Mombasa. Some smaller industrial centers are located in Nakuru, Kisumu, Eldoret and Thika.In addition to large companies that provide the bulk of the production, there are plenty of small artisan businesses. Only 20% of industrial production is destined for export. The annual growth in production is entirely based on rising domestic demand.
Trade
The trade balance is usually negative. In 2013 it exported for $ 6.6 billion and imported for $ 15.9 billion. By a positive services balance, inter alia through income from tourism and a substantial capital imports remained the overall deficit limits. Falling coffee and tea prices and rising oil prices, however, again enlarge the deficit.
Are mainly imported. Petroleum, machinery, motor vehicles, iron and steel. The main import partners are India, China, United Arab Emirates, United States, Japan, Germany and India. Performed be coffee, tea, petroleum products, tinned pineapple, skins, meat, meat products and cement. Main export partners are Uganda, United Kingdom, Tanzania, Netherlands, Egypt and Germany.
Tourism
Since 1987, tourism is the main source of income for Kenya. Yet tourism is vulnerable. The Gulf War and made political and ethnic problems and concerns still negative publicity that does not benefit the number of visitors. Each year, about 700,000 tourists to Kenya, mainly from Germany, Britain, Italy, France and North America.
Traffic
In the south, it is served well but in the north, the situation is less favorable. The length of railways is 2733 km. The line Mombasa-Nairobi-Kisumu for passenger transport, the rest are used only for freight. Rail passenger transport is popular in Kenya because it is safer and the trains run on time reasonable. The road network is about 62,600 km long, of which 8300 km is paved. The roads are generally in a reasonable condition, sometimes of excellent quality. There are regular buses and minibuses (matatu) in all parts of the country.
The main sea port is Mombasa. Kenya has its own airline (Kenya Airways) which, inter alia, connects the main cities Nairobi, Mombasa, Kisumu and Malindi. There are several airports for domestic traffic. Private airline gently connecting Nairobi with Mombasa, Kisumu, Nanyuki, Malindi, Lamu and the national parks Amboseli, Maasai Mara and Samburu.
Another problem is the disappointing economic growth; the average annual growth of only 2% against a population growth of almost 4%. (a good 5% growth in 2013). This was due to the lagging agricultural production and the negative results of an industrialization policy that was aimed at curbing imports. The dependence on foreign capital is high. Foreign debt amounted to 53% of GNP. (2013)
A handicap for economic development is finally the lack of mineral and energy resources such as oil, natural gas and coal.
Foreign aid is very important for the economy. In development, the focus is on combating poverty and the so-called. Kenya Lilac economy. Other notable points against corruption, total eradication of illiteracy, improvement of medical facilities and the transport system. Many investments are made in the tourism sector. Development activities are often carried by church groups, often supported from abroad.
Agriculture, livestock, fisheries and forestry
Kenya, like many other African countries an agrarian country. The bulk of the population lives in rural areas. Only thirteen percent of the land is suitable for agriculture, because there is sufficient rain. Half of the agricultural production is sold on the consumer market and the rest is for personal use. Kenya provides virtually in their own food needs, grain after.
The herd beside sheep and goats comprising mainly cattle, which are mostly held by nomads as the Maasai. In the drier areas, farming is the main economic activity combined with the cultivation of food crops such as millet and sorghum. In dry years, emphasized the fragile nature of the livestock. Most livestock products are consumed by the population. Meat, meat products and hides make 6% of total exports. Through a changed pattern of consumption should also be increasingly produced for domestic demand.
Fishing in the Indian Ocean and the Great Lakes is only of local significance. In 1997, there was approximately 160,000 tonnes of fish caught, of which only 6,000 tonnes of sea fish. Most freshwater fish caught in Lake Victoria. Forest area, located mostly between 1800 and 3000 m above sea level, is largely protected and therefore can not be operated economically. Moreover, forest resources in a reduced period of fifty years from 30% to 3% by expanding agriculture and the increasing demand for wood. An ecological catastrophe is threatening because already 25% of the country is desert. Economic interest or the bamboo forests for large paper mill in Webuye.
Mining and energy
The mining industry is of limited relevance (contribution to GDP in 2013: 2%). Of the many mined minerals is soda-axis the most important. There are other references minerals such as silver, gold, lead and limestone, but to exploit these are not yet cost-effective.The energy supply is mainly dependent on imported oil. About 70% of the energy required to be imported. Four hydroelectric power plants are located along the Tanarivier and another is in the Tukwel Gorge.
Industry
Ca. 40% of the total industrial production consists of food and beverage. Furthermore, to be called the chemical, metal, textile and leather industry and the paper and printing industry. Most large industrial companies are foreign companies. Most companies are located around Nairobi and Mombasa. Some smaller industrial centers are located in Nakuru, Kisumu, Eldoret and Thika.In addition to large companies that provide the bulk of the production, there are plenty of small artisan businesses. Only 20% of industrial production is destined for export. The annual growth in production is entirely based on rising domestic demand.
Trade
The trade balance is usually negative. In 2013 it exported for $ 6.6 billion and imported for $ 15.9 billion. By a positive services balance, inter alia through income from tourism and a substantial capital imports remained the overall deficit limits. Falling coffee and tea prices and rising oil prices, however, again enlarge the deficit.
Are mainly imported. Petroleum, machinery, motor vehicles, iron and steel. The main import partners are India, China, United Arab Emirates, United States, Japan, Germany and India. Performed be coffee, tea, petroleum products, tinned pineapple, skins, meat, meat products and cement. Main export partners are Uganda, United Kingdom, Tanzania, Netherlands, Egypt and Germany.
Tourism
Since 1987, tourism is the main source of income for Kenya. Yet tourism is vulnerable. The Gulf War and made political and ethnic problems and concerns still negative publicity that does not benefit the number of visitors. Each year, about 700,000 tourists to Kenya, mainly from Germany, Britain, Italy, France and North America.
Traffic
In the south, it is served well but in the north, the situation is less favorable. The length of railways is 2733 km. The line Mombasa-Nairobi-Kisumu for passenger transport, the rest are used only for freight. Rail passenger transport is popular in Kenya because it is safer and the trains run on time reasonable. The road network is about 62,600 km long, of which 8300 km is paved. The roads are generally in a reasonable condition, sometimes of excellent quality. There are regular buses and minibuses (matatu) in all parts of the country.
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