Rahim Tabet | Februari 11, 2016 |
Egypt
The population (86,895,099 in 2014) is 90% of Eastern Hamitic origin, but in the course of time, socially, culturally and politically completely Arabized.
Other small populations are the Berber nomads in the remote oasis Siwa, the Nubians (in the south) and the Copts (in Upper Egypt).
Siwa is the most remote oasis and is an on-Egyptian world, whose inhabitants do not speak Arabic, but a Berber dialect, Siwi.
The Nubians are an important population (about 6 million), which is also found further upstream in Sudan (Dongola) are. Most Nubians living in villages along the banks of the Nile between Aswan and Luxor, particularly in Kawm Umbu. The construction of the dam at Aswan they lost their original habitat in 1970 when it was under water. Half of the Egyptian Nubians moved to Sudan.
There are also tens of thousands of Bedouin (estimates vary between 50,000 and 70,000), some of which still retain their nomadic lifestyle (semi-). The majority live in the Sinai and originates from the Arabian Peninsula. Along the Mediterranean coast live Aulad Ali Bedouin who come from Libya. They have, however, exchanged their tents stone houses and works mostly in
Cairo and Alexandria.
Demographic data
There is a rapid population growth (1.84% in 2014), which is a direct result of a high birth rate (23.35 per 1,000 inhabitants in 2014) and a declining mortality rate (4.77 per 1000 inhabitants in 2014). The government promotes birth control, but there are about 1 million people every nine months. In a century, the Egyptian population almost tenfold.
32.1% of the population is younger than 15 years and only 4.8% are older than 65 years. Life expectancy at birth is over 70.8 years for men and 76.2 years for women. (3014)
Ddispersion
Almost 95% of the total population lives in the Nile valley and delta, just 3.5% of the territory. The population density in the inhabited and cultivated land is more than 1600 inhabitants. per km2 (the national average is around 90 inhabitants per km2). Another problem is the increasing urbanization in Cairo (Greater Cairo, including suburbs, more than 12 million inhabitants), Alexandria (4 million inhabitants) and Giza (3 million) as the largest urban concentrations. In some districts of Cairo and Alexandria, the population density is the sheer number of 140,000 inhabitants per km2. Greater Cairo is Africa's largest city in terms of population after Nigeria, Egypt, Africa's largest country.
By building cities in the desert and the development of the Suez Canal the government is trying to ease the population pressure in the Nile valley. There are also major building projects started in the western oases.
Several million Egyptians work as 'guest workers' in other Arab countries.
Egyptians Religion
Islam
93% of the Egyptian population profess Sunni Islam, the official state religion. The free exercise of Christianity and Judaism, however, guaranteed in the constitution.
This does not mean that Egypt is an Islamic state with a pure Islamic law. Muslim fundamentalists pursue this or after, and therefore often come into conflict with the government. One of the main founders of modern fundamentalism was the Egyptian Sayyid Qutb, who was born in 1906 in the province of Asyut. He preaches the armed struggle, "jihad", his book about that, "Ma'lim fi'l-Tarikh," the political bible of the fundamentalists were. commission from the eighties of the last century, various fundamentalist groups attacks, among other things, the assassination of President Sadat in 1981. In the early nineties intensified the violence and are also attacks on foreign tourists since the summer of 1992.
Central to Islam is the belief in the one God, who is through a series of revelations to prophets made known to man. Muslims believe that a merchant from Mecca, Muhammad received God's final revelation, and is therefore considered to be the Seal of the Prophets. That final revelation is recorded in the Qur'an, which was twenty years after the death of Muhammad finished. Muhammad showed no successor and after his death the young Muslim community was quickly torn apart by succession struggles.
There was a struggle between Muslims who wanted to test the Qur'an to human reason and those who clung to the literalness of the revealed text. The traditionalists oppose violently against rationalists, the modern-thinking intellectuals. The traditionalists cling to the literalness of the revealed Quranic text, the statements 'hadith' of the Prophet, and to his conduct, the 'sunna'. These three form the basis of Islamic law duty, the "sharia".
According to the Sunni every good Muslim be eligible to follow Muhammad, and should be appointed by the people. In practice, this is done by and supervisory scribe called 'ulama'.
Shiites recognize as leader of the Muslims, only the descendants of the 661 killed in Ali, who was married to Mohammed's daughter Fatima. Only they possess esoteric knowledge derived from Mohammed, is passed through a lineage of honorable infallible imams. Shiites account for about ten percent of the Muslims. The major Shiite country is Iran.
Coptic Church
Shenouda III Egypt
The largest religious minority are the Copts (6%). The Copts live mostly in Cairo, Egypt Central (al-Minya, Asyut Sawhag) and Alexandië.
At the head of the Coptic Orthodox Church, the Patriarch (Pope) of Alexandria. This patriarch is considered the successor of the Apostle Mark, who brought to Egypt in the 1st century Christianity, according to tradition. By the 4th century, Christianity was the official religion of Egypt.
Egyptian Christians split off from the Orthodox Church after the Council of Chalcedon in 451 had determined that Christ had a human and divine nature. Dioscorus, Patriarch of Alexandria, did not accept this definition: he only believed in the divinity of Christ (Monophysites). St. Anthony's Monastery which was built in 361-363 in the Red Zeegebergte, is the oldest Coptic monastery in Egypt.
The current Coptic Pope Shenouda III came to power under President Sadat. A dusty church has the Coptic Church created a vibrant community. With regard to the interests and rights of the Copts, he is also very combative. That was so far out of control that he was suspended by Sadat as pope in 1981 and was imprisoned in a monastery. Several Muslim fundamentalist movements and special act strongly against the Copts, and murders, fires and molestations occur very frequently.
Several groups
Besides the Copts there are about a quarter of a million other Christian minorities, which include Greek Orthodox, Roman Catholics, Armenian Orthodox and Protestants belong.
Especially in the south, where people are much less have mingled with the Arabs, the ancient, pre-Islamic Egyptian belief not completely disappeared. The people there are often very superstitious.
Jews
Ben Ezra Synagogue Egypt
In the big cities there are small Jewish communities, consisting mainly of elderly Jews. Thus, Judaism as a religion is doomed to disappear from the Egyptian society. With the founding of the State of Israel in 1948 left most of the Jews from Egypt.
The Ben Ezra Synagogue in Old Cairo, the oldest monument to the Jews in Egypt, is still maintained. Yet the synagogue was extensively renovated in the eighties. Service he must no longer be used.
Egyptian gods
Generally after the gods of the ancient Egyptians several forms according to their different characteristics. Most gods were worshiped in a specific place or region, some managed to make it to state god.
Many gods were portrayed in animal shapes. Thereby actually was not worshiped the beast itself, but rather the force with which it was associated. In the Late Period changed the animal worship of nature and the gods were connected animals themselves considered sacred.
Important gods were:
AMON
God of the wind and the 'breath of life'. Later became patron god of Thebes and was during the New Kingdom as a state god Amun-Ra in Egypt. Was always depicted as a human figure with a crown with two long feathers.
ANUBIS
God of mummification and guard / guide of the dead in the underworld. He was always depicted as a black jackal or dog lying. Also called as one with the head of jackal or dog.
APIS
The 'sacred bull of Memphis' was the symbol of strength and virility. He was depicted as a predominantly black bull with a white triangular patch on the forehead and a sun disc set cobra between the horns.
HATHOR
Sky Goddess, goddess of music, dance, joy and love and protector of women. Was presented as a cow or as a woman with cow's or -oren, with the solar disk between the horns.
ISIS
Symbol of devoted motherhood. Was proposed as a woman with a throne on the head, or with cow horns and sun disk and a throne.
OSIRIS
Fertility, later generally associated with the fertility of the soil and the Nile and the growth of crops. Later became ruler of Hades. Was depicted in mummy bandages, with green skin, a feather deposed crown and signs of royal and divine power: scepter, crook and flail.
Ra Egypt
RA
Sun God manifested as the solar disk. Ra was depicted as a man with the head of a falcon, surmounted by a solar disk surrounded by the 'uraeus' or constituted cobra.
SETH
Was the symbol of destructive forces, especially the desert, thunderstorms and the dry wind. Was portrayed as a man with the head of a fearsome beast fantasy and a double crown.
THOT
God of measurements, arithmetic, science and knowledge. He was represented as an ibis or baboon, or as a man with a ibiskop, the writing in the hand.
Other small populations are the Berber nomads in the remote oasis Siwa, the Nubians (in the south) and the Copts (in Upper Egypt).
The Nubians are an important population (about 6 million), which is also found further upstream in Sudan (Dongola) are. Most Nubians living in villages along the banks of the Nile between Aswan and Luxor, particularly in Kawm Umbu. The construction of the dam at Aswan they lost their original habitat in 1970 when it was under water. Half of the Egyptian Nubians moved to Sudan.
There are also tens of thousands of Bedouin (estimates vary between 50,000 and 70,000), some of which still retain their nomadic lifestyle (semi-). The majority live in the Sinai and originates from the Arabian Peninsula. Along the Mediterranean coast live Aulad Ali Bedouin who come from Libya. They have, however, exchanged their tents stone houses and works mostly in
Cairo and Alexandria.
Demographic data
There is a rapid population growth (1.84% in 2014), which is a direct result of a high birth rate (23.35 per 1,000 inhabitants in 2014) and a declining mortality rate (4.77 per 1000 inhabitants in 2014). The government promotes birth control, but there are about 1 million people every nine months. In a century, the Egyptian population almost tenfold.
32.1% of the population is younger than 15 years and only 4.8% are older than 65 years. Life expectancy at birth is over 70.8 years for men and 76.2 years for women. (3014)
Ddispersion
Almost 95% of the total population lives in the Nile valley and delta, just 3.5% of the territory. The population density in the inhabited and cultivated land is more than 1600 inhabitants. per km2 (the national average is around 90 inhabitants per km2). Another problem is the increasing urbanization in Cairo (Greater Cairo, including suburbs, more than 12 million inhabitants), Alexandria (4 million inhabitants) and Giza (3 million) as the largest urban concentrations. In some districts of Cairo and Alexandria, the population density is the sheer number of 140,000 inhabitants per km2. Greater Cairo is Africa's largest city in terms of population after Nigeria, Egypt, Africa's largest country.
By building cities in the desert and the development of the Suez Canal the government is trying to ease the population pressure in the Nile valley. There are also major building projects started in the western oases.
Several million Egyptians work as 'guest workers' in other Arab countries.
Egyptians Religion
Islam
93% of the Egyptian population profess Sunni Islam, the official state religion. The free exercise of Christianity and Judaism, however, guaranteed in the constitution.
This does not mean that Egypt is an Islamic state with a pure Islamic law. Muslim fundamentalists pursue this or after, and therefore often come into conflict with the government. One of the main founders of modern fundamentalism was the Egyptian Sayyid Qutb, who was born in 1906 in the province of Asyut. He preaches the armed struggle, "jihad", his book about that, "Ma'lim fi'l-Tarikh," the political bible of the fundamentalists were. commission from the eighties of the last century, various fundamentalist groups attacks, among other things, the assassination of President Sadat in 1981. In the early nineties intensified the violence and are also attacks on foreign tourists since the summer of 1992.
Central to Islam is the belief in the one God, who is through a series of revelations to prophets made known to man. Muslims believe that a merchant from Mecca, Muhammad received God's final revelation, and is therefore considered to be the Seal of the Prophets. That final revelation is recorded in the Qur'an, which was twenty years after the death of Muhammad finished. Muhammad showed no successor and after his death the young Muslim community was quickly torn apart by succession struggles.
There was a struggle between Muslims who wanted to test the Qur'an to human reason and those who clung to the literalness of the revealed text. The traditionalists oppose violently against rationalists, the modern-thinking intellectuals. The traditionalists cling to the literalness of the revealed Quranic text, the statements 'hadith' of the Prophet, and to his conduct, the 'sunna'. These three form the basis of Islamic law duty, the "sharia".
According to the Sunni every good Muslim be eligible to follow Muhammad, and should be appointed by the people. In practice, this is done by and supervisory scribe called 'ulama'.
Shiites recognize as leader of the Muslims, only the descendants of the 661 killed in Ali, who was married to Mohammed's daughter Fatima. Only they possess esoteric knowledge derived from Mohammed, is passed through a lineage of honorable infallible imams. Shiites account for about ten percent of the Muslims. The major Shiite country is Iran.
Coptic Church
Shenouda III Egypt
The largest religious minority are the Copts (6%). The Copts live mostly in Cairo, Egypt Central (al-Minya, Asyut Sawhag) and Alexandië.
At the head of the Coptic Orthodox Church, the Patriarch (Pope) of Alexandria. This patriarch is considered the successor of the Apostle Mark, who brought to Egypt in the 1st century Christianity, according to tradition. By the 4th century, Christianity was the official religion of Egypt.
Egyptian Christians split off from the Orthodox Church after the Council of Chalcedon in 451 had determined that Christ had a human and divine nature. Dioscorus, Patriarch of Alexandria, did not accept this definition: he only believed in the divinity of Christ (Monophysites). St. Anthony's Monastery which was built in 361-363 in the Red Zeegebergte, is the oldest Coptic monastery in Egypt.
The current Coptic Pope Shenouda III came to power under President Sadat. A dusty church has the Coptic Church created a vibrant community. With regard to the interests and rights of the Copts, he is also very combative. That was so far out of control that he was suspended by Sadat as pope in 1981 and was imprisoned in a monastery. Several Muslim fundamentalist movements and special act strongly against the Copts, and murders, fires and molestations occur very frequently.
Several groups
Besides the Copts there are about a quarter of a million other Christian minorities, which include Greek Orthodox, Roman Catholics, Armenian Orthodox and Protestants belong.
Especially in the south, where people are much less have mingled with the Arabs, the ancient, pre-Islamic Egyptian belief not completely disappeared. The people there are often very superstitious.
Jews
Ben Ezra Synagogue Egypt
In the big cities there are small Jewish communities, consisting mainly of elderly Jews. Thus, Judaism as a religion is doomed to disappear from the Egyptian society. With the founding of the State of Israel in 1948 left most of the Jews from Egypt.
The Ben Ezra Synagogue in Old Cairo, the oldest monument to the Jews in Egypt, is still maintained. Yet the synagogue was extensively renovated in the eighties. Service he must no longer be used.
Egyptian gods
Generally after the gods of the ancient Egyptians several forms according to their different characteristics. Most gods were worshiped in a specific place or region, some managed to make it to state god.
Many gods were portrayed in animal shapes. Thereby actually was not worshiped the beast itself, but rather the force with which it was associated. In the Late Period changed the animal worship of nature and the gods were connected animals themselves considered sacred.
Important gods were:
AMON
God of the wind and the 'breath of life'. Later became patron god of Thebes and was during the New Kingdom as a state god Amun-Ra in Egypt. Was always depicted as a human figure with a crown with two long feathers.
ANUBIS
God of mummification and guard / guide of the dead in the underworld. He was always depicted as a black jackal or dog lying. Also called as one with the head of jackal or dog.
APIS
The 'sacred bull of Memphis' was the symbol of strength and virility. He was depicted as a predominantly black bull with a white triangular patch on the forehead and a sun disc set cobra between the horns.
HATHOR
Sky Goddess, goddess of music, dance, joy and love and protector of women. Was presented as a cow or as a woman with cow's or -oren, with the solar disk between the horns.
ISIS
Symbol of devoted motherhood. Was proposed as a woman with a throne on the head, or with cow horns and sun disk and a throne.
OSIRIS
Fertility, later generally associated with the fertility of the soil and the Nile and the growth of crops. Later became ruler of Hades. Was depicted in mummy bandages, with green skin, a feather deposed crown and signs of royal and divine power: scepter, crook and flail.
Ra Egypt
RA
Sun God manifested as the solar disk. Ra was depicted as a man with the head of a falcon, surmounted by a solar disk surrounded by the 'uraeus' or constituted cobra.
SETH
Was the symbol of destructive forces, especially the desert, thunderstorms and the dry wind. Was portrayed as a man with the head of a fearsome beast fantasy and a double crown.
THOT
God of measurements, arithmetic, science and knowledge. He was represented as an ibis or baboon, or as a man with a ibiskop, the writing in the hand.
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