Rahim Tabet | Oktober 27, 2014 |
Ancient Buildings
|
Ancient Relics
Puma Punku (Bolivia) would be built by extraterrestrial visitors from huge blocks of the hardest stone. The structures are indeed the best proof of alien visitors as was in the television series Ancient Aliens claimed or performed an ancient Indian tribe this superhuman performance?
While a huge interstellar spacecraft circles around our planet turned, there is little space shuttles fell down to the earth's surface. To protect themselves and their instruments built the astronauts in less than one day a base camp. Of course they used local materials, because - emphasizes von Däniken, who tells the story - this kind of heavy ballast of course you do not take in the cargo hold of your ship. With unfamiliar techniques they created perfectly shaped blocks of granite and diorite, stones that are surpassed only by diamond in hardness. The hundreds of multi-ton blocks were placed with antigravity systems by air to Pumapunku where they fit like puzzle pieces together.
Afterwards visitors Pumapunku left again and the property was destroyed. Was there a war between rival alien powers? A meteorite fell in the 20 km away Titicaca, leaving a meter high tidal wave engulfed the complex? Blew it yourself camp while one passed to new planets? Nobody knows the answer, and only some walls are still standing.
According to von Däniken and other experts from the television series Ancient Aliens (AA) there are no clearer evidence for the ancient than the mysteries of Pumapunku astronauts theory. Therefore AA spends in the pilot episode already much attention to the riddles and devotes a special episode later on. According to their data and logic, the 4000 meter high Pumapunku was once the base of extraterrestrial visitors. When they left, the people had not forgotten them. The city of Tiwanaku (Tiahuanaco) was built right next Pumapunku. Tiwanaku has a completely different style with small stones. Tiwanaku was a pilgrimage for pilgrims coming from all parts of world. How do you explain otherwise the bearded monolith, while Indians have no facial hair? And the images are built into the wall of the sunken temple of heads with long skulls, turbans, beards, flat noses, thick lips; representations of Indians, Africans, Europeans and Sumerians. And for every doubter the wall one last surprise, the head of a Grey.
Hardest Prove
According to the AA experts Pumapunku at least 17,000 years old. With that statement they ignore modern research and techniques. The best-known dating method, the carbon-14 technique was developed in 1949 by Willard Frank Libby. Before that they had to use other methods. The Polish engineer and amateur archaeologist Arthur Posnansky (1873-1946) used the position of the sun and the location of the most important building in the neighborhood. He measured a little deviation, he could only be explained by a shift of the Earth's axis relative to the sun. The wizards figure of AA apparently never took the trouble to The cradle of American study the four parts of Tiahuanaco, Man. Posnansky calculated that 15,000 B.P. would have been just right the sun on the first day of spring and autumn; B.P. stands for before present, so 15,000 years ago and not 15 000 v. Chr. Quite by chance an age of 17,000 years is AA good, because that is after 1000 years before the oldest finds of human presence in America. And AA also do not realize that apparently Posnansky's main building - the sun temple (Kalasasaya) - Located in the in their much younger
Tiwanaku.
Although archaeologists and specialists AA same location research, their ideas about the role and the emergence of Pumapunku and Tiwanaku vary widely. Archaeologists think that the Aymara Indians around 100 n. Chr. started with the construction of the buildings. [1] At the height of their civilization around 700-1000 n. Chr. lived there about 20,000 to 60,000 people. [1] [4] There was a complex infrastructure with an ingenious irrigation system that made a fertile area of the plateau. Around 1000 n. Chr. the place was abandoned, probably due to a period of drought. Later residents of the area used the stones for their own buildings. You do not have stones on carbon-14 dating, but archaeologists rely on radiocarbon dating of pottery, bones and objects, and geological characteristics, including soil deposits. Found decorations and other expressions correspond to the style of the Aymaras. Moreover Posnansky seems to create a problem that was never there. Even today are the walls of the sun temple on the first day of spring and autumn precisely aligned with the sun. [2]
As always speaking the AA experts in fish-tale when they talk about blocks. Weights are called to 800 tons, while the largest block 'only' weighs 131 tons. The second largest stone weighs already more than 40 tons less. From chemical analysis shows that the largest blocks were found within a radius of 10 km, but some smaller stones were brought all the way from Lake Titicaca to Tiwanaku. Obviously throws AA directly the question of how primitive people could bring such heavy stones at Tiwanaku. Boom Rolls were not used, the plateau is indeed above the tree line. Experts quickly conclude that anti-gravity techniques are applied. Tall stories about stones moved by the sound of a trumpet through the air and flew itself to the right place, find them plausible.
When stones are transported to a particular location, you can expect the stonemasons use the resources they find on the delfplaats. The camera images the AA team shot in Puma Pumku let small trees seen on the flanks of the plateau. Trunks were therefore well for hands. The plateau was also abandoned due to drought; maybe there were 1500 years ago, more and larger trees. Incidentally show experiments with sand and small, smooth stones that the megaliths of manpower could be moved. Can be seen from the megaliths themselves without deduced that they are towed. Every stone has typical wear tracks and includes holes for cable pull. Are
Striking in Pumapunku the H-blocks: a row of large, almost identical megaliths in the shape of an 'H'. AA also do not know what was the point of those blocks, but one does have attempted this enigma. It would for example be possible that the H-blocks were used for the hinges of doors heavy stones anchor. Remnants of that indestructible doors and hinges are never found. Maybe those blocks were not next to each other, but they were back together and formed them through a mysterious electrical magnets system a launcher for small space shuttles. AA puts a model of a space shuttle Tolima-in to make the theory credible.
However, the evidence is the hardest stones used: no soft sandstone, like the Egyptian pyramids, but granite and diorite. Granite and diorite are mixtures of minerals and occur as magma solidifies below the surface. The slow cooling forming large hard crystals in the rocks that can be edited with diamond drilling and sawing. How could the Aymara Indians from such rocks blocks can fabricate perfect right angles? And not only that, in some stones are cut grooves with small holes aligned at regular intervals. Approached by AA stonecutters is doubtful whether it even with the most modern tools able to make. Such stone blocks are
According to geologists are large boulders of sandstone and andesite. Andesite occurs when magma solidifies at the earth's surface. In andesite are the same as in granite, but much smaller. Hard crystal When there are ordinary pebbles beats against it, let flakes easily. Hamer Boulders are found in the andesite rocks where the megaliths come. It is known that the Indians were good metalworkers at that time. The builders of Pumapunku had available chisels and drills with a copper-arsenic-nickel alloy. This is hard enough to edit the rock. Patiently barns with sand stones gave their polished form. If two AA specialists select the best examples to their set square to show how the stones are perfectly square, the viewer sees the angle that is nearly perpendicular. Clever timber, but of an alien technology would expect true perfection.
Nails
Besides all the technical evidence has AA a series of indirect arguments that indicate extraterrestrial presence. So no written script. Used the Aymara People, despite its high culture How can one build such a large complex with such intricate stone without design? Gobekli Tepe which was built in Turkey before but the writing was even invented, AA is apparently just missed. On remnants of artworks that are found among the ruins, are clear illustrations and characters. With similar illustrations should have been possible to cut its H-blocks and build the temples.
Fuente MagnaHet museum Museo de los metales preciosos in La Paz is home to important artifact:. The Fuente Magna bowl, also known as the Rosetta Stone of America [3] On the outside, the scale of the typical Indian decoration of animals, but it is the inside that speaks to the imagination. Here are two illegible texts engraved. Chopped stone bowl was found in 1950 by a cleric on a farm in an area near Lake Titicaca, where previous archaeological research was never done. About eight years graced the scale of the local church until the Bolivian archaeologist Don Max Portugal-Zamora heard of it. He brought the dish to the museum and restored minor damage with cement. Early 1980s examined Dr. Aberto Marini scale and felt that the comments were a text, written in cuneiform of the Sumerians. Based on this data, he concluded that the scale had to be at least 4,000 years old. Marini even ventured to a translation; the text would be a farmer prayer to bring. fertility over the country
Then no one paid more attention to the scale, until it was accidentally filmed in 2000 during a recording for Discovery Channel: Atlantis in the Andes. Shortly thereafter, several researchers, including Bernardo Biadós, went to Lake Titicaca to gather more information about the location of the scale. Eventually they spoke to the 98 year old Maximiliano, even 50 years later on a photograph recognized the scale as the old trough which his pigs ate. He also had no time for the investigators, but was told that there were several of those scales. His brother had one and Maximiliano pointed to the site, a short distance away. Unfortunately, it was harvest season arrived and the guide researchers advised to not further off. A sudden weather changes would make the superstitious people hostile and thwart future expeditions. The researchers agreed to come back the next week.
The course of the story is now blurred. It seems that Biadós pictures of the scale to the Dr. Clyde Winters sent. Why he did so is unclear, but he did well, because Winters is an all-rounder. He studied sociology and anthropology and was promoted as an educational psychologist. Winters is a supporter of the 60 year old afro centric theory, which holds that ancient African civilizations were in contact with cultures in the world and there on had great influence. He even goes so that he believes that the first Europeans, the first Greeks and Sumerians were all African. Far Winters came to the conclusion that were the texts of proto-Sumerian and Semitic origin, which would show that the scale was at least 5000 years old. The text had to do with him as a fertility rite for young people. Biadós and coworkers found a different picture from the museum, the pokotia monolith, more proto-Sumerian characters. Also this text Winters managed to translate easily into a piece of prose oracle.
The scientific value of the fuente magna and pokoti monolith is difficult to assess. The story itself has many gaps and uncertainties. Established archaeologists see anything special in the comments and do not recognize cuneiform, but icons from a late Olmec- or early Mayan culture. No one seemed to wonder why the writers suddenly stopped using no clay tablets. Why taught the Sumerians Aymara People do not write? Why did the researchers did not return to the treasure site near Lake Titicaca?
The Afrocentric theory is very controversial and Winters is regarded by many as a visionary. In itself it can not be ruled out that Africans have ever achieved in the distant past South America. However, lack tangible evidence and DNA analysis provides no support for the theory. But how the finds and the theory estimates, is in the lyrics with no mention of spaceships and astronauts.
Native Stories
In the courtyard of the sunken temple in the midst of staring heads, stands a statue of a large man with a narrow nose and beard. Could this possibly imagine the supreme god of the Incas, Virachoca,? AA is adamant: South American Indians have no beards. The statue resembles a Soemeriër, so Annunaki, so ... an alien god. This theory is also consistent with the stories about the Incas Pumapunku told. According to von Däniken told the Incas in 1532 to Francisco Pizarro that Tiwanaku was built before there were people. In the broadcast, he goes one step further and claims that the Incas would have that were not their ancestors, but said the gods who Pumapunku had built in a single night. According to von Däniken the Incas were such a proud people that they would never say this if it was not true. Von Däniken Probably a book that no one else knows. Stand in his bookcase It was the Spanish adventurer Pedro Siasa del Leon who first described the ruins of Tiwanaku in 1549. [4] And even if the story were true then it must be kept in perspective. The Incas considered themselves the first civilization, so all of their time was gods work.
The 'bearded' monolith is between 200 and 400 n. Chr. made. [1] Perhaps the makers have tried to portray a thin beard, but an image with face jewelry seems more likely. When Wendell C. Bennett picture rediscovered in 1932 was at the square also a much larger than 7 feet tall beardless image. [4] Some AA supporters point to fish scales at the bottom of the image and establish direct links with the Sumerian demigod Oannes. People who looked more closely, saw images of pumas, llamas and condors. Who or what this statue also suggests, it shows a lack of respect in addition to that of the supreme god places three times the statue.
Virachoca is usually depicted with large eyes and a jaguar and two-headed snake in his hands; a beard is missing. The conquerors of the Inca Empire According to Spanish reports from the 16th century hailed as gods, "because" their light skin would resemble that of the god Virachoca. But all said nothing about Virachoca's light skin or European appearance in the original Inca stories; it is a Spanish invention. [5]
Meanwhile seems AA main presenter Giorgio Tsoukalos anyway to also see that Pumapunku is not built by gods or aliens. On January 15, 2012 - - more than two months for the AA program about Pumapunku he tweeted: "I have my views on how Puma Punku was born today have to drastically revise ... The mystery is increased by a factor of ten.
Science Fiction Writers will laugh at the AA theories. Would an alien civilization really use stones to build a base camp? A tent of indestructible fiber material with a force field is much more effective. And when the living creatures were afraid of light, why not uitgelaserde basis in a rock? Completely fool the aliens would decorate. The walls of their base camp The paradox seems complete, where primitive peoples according to AA were able to nothing, used the aliens extremely primitive means to "miracles" performed.
References
1. Marsh EJ, 2012 A Bayesian re-assignment of the earl iest radiocarbon dates from Tiwanaku, Bolivia, Radiocarbon, 54, pp203-218.
2. www.jasoncolavito.com
3. www.world-mysteries.com/sar_8.htm
4. Scarborough, I. (2008). The Bennett Monolith: Archaeological Patrimony and Cultural Restitution in Bolivia. H55, Handbook of South American Archaeology. Springer, New York.
5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viracocha
6. www.skepsis.nl
While a huge interstellar spacecraft circles around our planet turned, there is little space shuttles fell down to the earth's surface. To protect themselves and their instruments built the astronauts in less than one day a base camp. Of course they used local materials, because - emphasizes von Däniken, who tells the story - this kind of heavy ballast of course you do not take in the cargo hold of your ship. With unfamiliar techniques they created perfectly shaped blocks of granite and diorite, stones that are surpassed only by diamond in hardness. The hundreds of multi-ton blocks were placed with antigravity systems by air to Pumapunku where they fit like puzzle pieces together.
Afterwards visitors Pumapunku left again and the property was destroyed. Was there a war between rival alien powers? A meteorite fell in the 20 km away Titicaca, leaving a meter high tidal wave engulfed the complex? Blew it yourself camp while one passed to new planets? Nobody knows the answer, and only some walls are still standing.
According to von Däniken and other experts from the television series Ancient Aliens (AA) there are no clearer evidence for the ancient than the mysteries of Pumapunku astronauts theory. Therefore AA spends in the pilot episode already much attention to the riddles and devotes a special episode later on. According to their data and logic, the 4000 meter high Pumapunku was once the base of extraterrestrial visitors. When they left, the people had not forgotten them. The city of Tiwanaku (Tiahuanaco) was built right next Pumapunku. Tiwanaku has a completely different style with small stones. Tiwanaku was a pilgrimage for pilgrims coming from all parts of world. How do you explain otherwise the bearded monolith, while Indians have no facial hair? And the images are built into the wall of the sunken temple of heads with long skulls, turbans, beards, flat noses, thick lips; representations of Indians, Africans, Europeans and Sumerians. And for every doubter the wall one last surprise, the head of a Grey.
Hardest Prove
According to the AA experts Pumapunku at least 17,000 years old. With that statement they ignore modern research and techniques. The best-known dating method, the carbon-14 technique was developed in 1949 by Willard Frank Libby. Before that they had to use other methods. The Polish engineer and amateur archaeologist Arthur Posnansky (1873-1946) used the position of the sun and the location of the most important building in the neighborhood. He measured a little deviation, he could only be explained by a shift of the Earth's axis relative to the sun. The wizards figure of AA apparently never took the trouble to The cradle of American study the four parts of Tiahuanaco, Man. Posnansky calculated that 15,000 B.P. would have been just right the sun on the first day of spring and autumn; B.P. stands for before present, so 15,000 years ago and not 15 000 v. Chr. Quite by chance an age of 17,000 years is AA good, because that is after 1000 years before the oldest finds of human presence in America. And AA also do not realize that apparently Posnansky's main building - the sun temple (Kalasasaya) - Located in the in their much younger
Tiwanaku.
Although archaeologists and specialists AA same location research, their ideas about the role and the emergence of Pumapunku and Tiwanaku vary widely. Archaeologists think that the Aymara Indians around 100 n. Chr. started with the construction of the buildings. [1] At the height of their civilization around 700-1000 n. Chr. lived there about 20,000 to 60,000 people. [1] [4] There was a complex infrastructure with an ingenious irrigation system that made a fertile area of the plateau. Around 1000 n. Chr. the place was abandoned, probably due to a period of drought. Later residents of the area used the stones for their own buildings. You do not have stones on carbon-14 dating, but archaeologists rely on radiocarbon dating of pottery, bones and objects, and geological characteristics, including soil deposits. Found decorations and other expressions correspond to the style of the Aymaras. Moreover Posnansky seems to create a problem that was never there. Even today are the walls of the sun temple on the first day of spring and autumn precisely aligned with the sun. [2]
As always speaking the AA experts in fish-tale when they talk about blocks. Weights are called to 800 tons, while the largest block 'only' weighs 131 tons. The second largest stone weighs already more than 40 tons less. From chemical analysis shows that the largest blocks were found within a radius of 10 km, but some smaller stones were brought all the way from Lake Titicaca to Tiwanaku. Obviously throws AA directly the question of how primitive people could bring such heavy stones at Tiwanaku. Boom Rolls were not used, the plateau is indeed above the tree line. Experts quickly conclude that anti-gravity techniques are applied. Tall stories about stones moved by the sound of a trumpet through the air and flew itself to the right place, find them plausible.
When stones are transported to a particular location, you can expect the stonemasons use the resources they find on the delfplaats. The camera images the AA team shot in Puma Pumku let small trees seen on the flanks of the plateau. Trunks were therefore well for hands. The plateau was also abandoned due to drought; maybe there were 1500 years ago, more and larger trees. Incidentally show experiments with sand and small, smooth stones that the megaliths of manpower could be moved. Can be seen from the megaliths themselves without deduced that they are towed. Every stone has typical wear tracks and includes holes for cable pull. Are
Striking in Pumapunku the H-blocks: a row of large, almost identical megaliths in the shape of an 'H'. AA also do not know what was the point of those blocks, but one does have attempted this enigma. It would for example be possible that the H-blocks were used for the hinges of doors heavy stones anchor. Remnants of that indestructible doors and hinges are never found. Maybe those blocks were not next to each other, but they were back together and formed them through a mysterious electrical magnets system a launcher for small space shuttles. AA puts a model of a space shuttle Tolima-in to make the theory credible.
However, the evidence is the hardest stones used: no soft sandstone, like the Egyptian pyramids, but granite and diorite. Granite and diorite are mixtures of minerals and occur as magma solidifies below the surface. The slow cooling forming large hard crystals in the rocks that can be edited with diamond drilling and sawing. How could the Aymara Indians from such rocks blocks can fabricate perfect right angles? And not only that, in some stones are cut grooves with small holes aligned at regular intervals. Approached by AA stonecutters is doubtful whether it even with the most modern tools able to make. Such stone blocks are
According to geologists are large boulders of sandstone and andesite. Andesite occurs when magma solidifies at the earth's surface. In andesite are the same as in granite, but much smaller. Hard crystal When there are ordinary pebbles beats against it, let flakes easily. Hamer Boulders are found in the andesite rocks where the megaliths come. It is known that the Indians were good metalworkers at that time. The builders of Pumapunku had available chisels and drills with a copper-arsenic-nickel alloy. This is hard enough to edit the rock. Patiently barns with sand stones gave their polished form. If two AA specialists select the best examples to their set square to show how the stones are perfectly square, the viewer sees the angle that is nearly perpendicular. Clever timber, but of an alien technology would expect true perfection.
Nails
Besides all the technical evidence has AA a series of indirect arguments that indicate extraterrestrial presence. So no written script. Used the Aymara People, despite its high culture How can one build such a large complex with such intricate stone without design? Gobekli Tepe which was built in Turkey before but the writing was even invented, AA is apparently just missed. On remnants of artworks that are found among the ruins, are clear illustrations and characters. With similar illustrations should have been possible to cut its H-blocks and build the temples.
Fuente MagnaHet museum Museo de los metales preciosos in La Paz is home to important artifact:. The Fuente Magna bowl, also known as the Rosetta Stone of America [3] On the outside, the scale of the typical Indian decoration of animals, but it is the inside that speaks to the imagination. Here are two illegible texts engraved. Chopped stone bowl was found in 1950 by a cleric on a farm in an area near Lake Titicaca, where previous archaeological research was never done. About eight years graced the scale of the local church until the Bolivian archaeologist Don Max Portugal-Zamora heard of it. He brought the dish to the museum and restored minor damage with cement. Early 1980s examined Dr. Aberto Marini scale and felt that the comments were a text, written in cuneiform of the Sumerians. Based on this data, he concluded that the scale had to be at least 4,000 years old. Marini even ventured to a translation; the text would be a farmer prayer to bring. fertility over the country
Then no one paid more attention to the scale, until it was accidentally filmed in 2000 during a recording for Discovery Channel: Atlantis in the Andes. Shortly thereafter, several researchers, including Bernardo Biadós, went to Lake Titicaca to gather more information about the location of the scale. Eventually they spoke to the 98 year old Maximiliano, even 50 years later on a photograph recognized the scale as the old trough which his pigs ate. He also had no time for the investigators, but was told that there were several of those scales. His brother had one and Maximiliano pointed to the site, a short distance away. Unfortunately, it was harvest season arrived and the guide researchers advised to not further off. A sudden weather changes would make the superstitious people hostile and thwart future expeditions. The researchers agreed to come back the next week.
The course of the story is now blurred. It seems that Biadós pictures of the scale to the Dr. Clyde Winters sent. Why he did so is unclear, but he did well, because Winters is an all-rounder. He studied sociology and anthropology and was promoted as an educational psychologist. Winters is a supporter of the 60 year old afro centric theory, which holds that ancient African civilizations were in contact with cultures in the world and there on had great influence. He even goes so that he believes that the first Europeans, the first Greeks and Sumerians were all African. Far Winters came to the conclusion that were the texts of proto-Sumerian and Semitic origin, which would show that the scale was at least 5000 years old. The text had to do with him as a fertility rite for young people. Biadós and coworkers found a different picture from the museum, the pokotia monolith, more proto-Sumerian characters. Also this text Winters managed to translate easily into a piece of prose oracle.
The scientific value of the fuente magna and pokoti monolith is difficult to assess. The story itself has many gaps and uncertainties. Established archaeologists see anything special in the comments and do not recognize cuneiform, but icons from a late Olmec- or early Mayan culture. No one seemed to wonder why the writers suddenly stopped using no clay tablets. Why taught the Sumerians Aymara People do not write? Why did the researchers did not return to the treasure site near Lake Titicaca?
The Afrocentric theory is very controversial and Winters is regarded by many as a visionary. In itself it can not be ruled out that Africans have ever achieved in the distant past South America. However, lack tangible evidence and DNA analysis provides no support for the theory. But how the finds and the theory estimates, is in the lyrics with no mention of spaceships and astronauts.
Native Stories
In the courtyard of the sunken temple in the midst of staring heads, stands a statue of a large man with a narrow nose and beard. Could this possibly imagine the supreme god of the Incas, Virachoca,? AA is adamant: South American Indians have no beards. The statue resembles a Soemeriër, so Annunaki, so ... an alien god. This theory is also consistent with the stories about the Incas Pumapunku told. According to von Däniken told the Incas in 1532 to Francisco Pizarro that Tiwanaku was built before there were people. In the broadcast, he goes one step further and claims that the Incas would have that were not their ancestors, but said the gods who Pumapunku had built in a single night. According to von Däniken the Incas were such a proud people that they would never say this if it was not true. Von Däniken Probably a book that no one else knows. Stand in his bookcase It was the Spanish adventurer Pedro Siasa del Leon who first described the ruins of Tiwanaku in 1549. [4] And even if the story were true then it must be kept in perspective. The Incas considered themselves the first civilization, so all of their time was gods work.
Virachoca is usually depicted with large eyes and a jaguar and two-headed snake in his hands; a beard is missing. The conquerors of the Inca Empire According to Spanish reports from the 16th century hailed as gods, "because" their light skin would resemble that of the god Virachoca. But all said nothing about Virachoca's light skin or European appearance in the original Inca stories; it is a Spanish invention. [5]
Meanwhile seems AA main presenter Giorgio Tsoukalos anyway to also see that Pumapunku is not built by gods or aliens. On January 15, 2012 - - more than two months for the AA program about Pumapunku he tweeted: "I have my views on how Puma Punku was born today have to drastically revise ... The mystery is increased by a factor of ten.
Science Fiction Writers will laugh at the AA theories. Would an alien civilization really use stones to build a base camp? A tent of indestructible fiber material with a force field is much more effective. And when the living creatures were afraid of light, why not uitgelaserde basis in a rock? Completely fool the aliens would decorate. The walls of their base camp The paradox seems complete, where primitive peoples according to AA were able to nothing, used the aliens extremely primitive means to "miracles" performed.
References
1. Marsh EJ, 2012 A Bayesian re-assignment of the earl iest radiocarbon dates from Tiwanaku, Bolivia, Radiocarbon, 54, pp203-218.
2. www.jasoncolavito.com
3. www.world-mysteries.com/sar_8.htm
4. Scarborough, I. (2008). The Bennett Monolith: Archaeological Patrimony and Cultural Restitution in Bolivia. H55, Handbook of South American Archaeology. Springer, New York.
5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viracocha
6. www.skepsis.nl
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