Rahim Tabet | Januari 22, 2015 |
Ancient Relics
Unlike before have our contemporary world religions, such as Islam and Christianity, to fend with one god. This is indeed a powerful God, but only one remains single. Ancient people were shaking their heads show their compassion for these poor yield. Only one god, what a misery! Previously, most societies had in fact religions with more than one deity. These gods were just not powerful, they were not so omnipotent (all-powerful) as the God that we know of Christianity, or Allah in Islamic teachings. They knew, on the other hand, in numbers to make up for what they lacked in quality. A self-respecting pantheon soon had more than ten top-gods, and often innumerable smaller (or semi) gods. So did the ancient Egyptians.
Egyptian gods, also called Netjer were "immanent" and not "transcendental". This is just a fancy way of saying that in ancient Egypt the gods were worldly, something material and present in everyday life (immanent). The God of Christians, for example, is transcendental, she is beyond this world, not just in our daily lives but something 'higher'. Not so so Netjer, these were immanent, palpable, tangible, recognizable.
Unfortunately, the Egyptians did not allow an unambiguous book or document behind for us to "know" all the gods and decipher. Historians, however, have clay clay wall after wall of hieroglyphics and art to work with, but no clear instructions that tells who should imagine. Because the mythology of the ancient Egyptians did not use a single document (the Bible) but was free for interpretation, it is also backward knowledge that historians try to decipher quite diverse. It is helpful not note that this mythology stretching over many centuries (almost four millennia), and of course not all that time has remained constant. Finally, we are talking about a geographical area that is huge, and that at a time when there was little to no contact between the most distant points in this area.
So there was a plethora of major and minor Egyptian gods, but this does not mean that every random Ancient Egyptians worshiped each of these gods. In fact, every time probably had his preference "gods" -set but every class, rank and order to Egyptians had his or her favorites. It is impossible to enumerate all the deities here, but we can of course give a summary of the most important.
1. Amun-Ra
Amun Ra is Ra himself. Amun-Ra (Amun-Re, Amen-ra, and fifty other spellings) was the result of an alliance between two cultures. On the one hand we have Ra, above all we read about this god. On the other hand there was Amun, another god, the god of all.
Amun was a god of wind, air and a lot of other things aside. Its popularity has long remained in the background but came to blossom when the Amun-worshipers began to reconcile with the Ra worshipers. The two gods seemed compatible, and, why not, as thought the believers, let's create one god. No sooner said than done, and behold, a new God, Amun Ra.
The list is like so many lists, not comprehensive or complete. We have tried to describe the most important and most famous Egyptian gods here, but we are certainly forget you favorite. No worries. Write a comment simply spikelet down, where your fellow readers informs about the gods and goddesses that we are forgetting.
2. Ra, god summit and the eye of the sun
If the eye of the sun, Ra was (also called Atum), the chief god of the Egyptian pantheon. He was the creator god and thus had to create itself (thus putting an end to the debate about who the creator has created). He made himself out of chaos and after the act he Shu and Tefnut, together to create the world.
Mankind is made of tears and if you want to worship him, or simply see no misfortune, simply look in the afternoon in the sun. Ra is because the eye of the sun, and looks especially around noon down on his creation.
The story goes that, every night, Ra fights his way through 12 stages of the night, which is equivalent to the sky goddess Nut. He begins the night to enter her through her mouth, herself fighting her way through her guts, and let the day "to be reborn" when he was 12 hours later through her birth canal appears again. How the digestive system transfers to the reproductive organ is a mystery, but, well, the story still rattles on a bit more detail. The boat on which he undertook this crusade, incidentally, is called Mantchet, and his boat for the quieter waterways during the day is Semketet.
3. Set, god of chaos
Set is also known as Setekh, Setesh, Seth, Seti and Sutekh and he was the god of anarchy, chaos, war, and storms of the desert. No nice figure, so. He was also called "the red god," but whether this was due to his thirst for blood, we do not know today. Probably, yes.
He sometimes had donkey ears, a scorpion tail and the head of an aardvark, other times the head of a hippopotamus, or a crocodile tail. Anyway, seldom "fine" or "noble" animals. He also is not a good or fine god opposed. He was the god of chaos, destruction, and war. He was the exact opposite of his brother Osiris, the god of fertility peaceful vegetation. He was a passionate God, and killed his brother (twice) because of its cool nature.
Horus, son of Osiris, eventually sought retribution for the evil that Seth had done to his father and this war lasted over 80 years. The other gods watched, finally decided that Seth had lost the battle, and sent him out of the country, to only as the voice of thunder occasionally be heard.
4. Osiris (another) god of the underworld
Osiris is also known as Ned-Er-Tcher or Usire but Osiris is surely his most famous name. He is the god of the dead, after he inpikte task of Anubis and Osiris was previously married to Isis additionally. He first was a simple soul, only the god of vegetation and fertility (yes, even a fertility) until he was brutally murdered. Although there was no lasting evidence, most accusing fingers went out to his evil brother Set. Whoever it was, the culprit deposit Osiris' body in a coffin and threw the whole into the Nile. The coffin floated down the Nile, but washed up somewhere where he got stuck in a big tree. Since the whole turned into a pillar (of course, these things happen!) And the column was moved to the palace of King Byblos. Here Osiris was found by his wife, Isis.
Set was not so easy to destroy, however, cut off his far-pilariseerde brother in countless small pieces and spread it all over Egypt. Crushed stones in a vast wilderness that thought, Set, Isis would be keep as sweet.
Isis, however, gathered all the pieces in no time (after all, gods live forever, so time is not a problem). Now had done it lasted long enough, so did the mighty Ra, and he sent Thoth and Anubis to help. Together they all knew Osiris again to put together, with the exception of one small piece. This piece was set cunningly pushed back, and it was necessary to rebuild Osiris. Ultimately, however, it still managed to Isis Osiris fully reconstruct, and they could then mummify him and buried. On the day of the funeral, she could not resist his deadly charms, and mounted him one last time. This last passionate embrace their son Horus would be born.
In the meantime, Osiris, thanks to his mummification, resurrected in the underworld, and there he was elevated to judge of souls, as Anubis ever had.
5. Shu, sky god
Shu, Su sometimes called, is the god of the sky, and his twin sister is Tefnut, the goddess of water. Shu is the father of Nut (the sky) and Geb (the earth) and these two magnificent children he gave birth with the help of his twin sister Tefnut. Anyway, such things were not always taboo, possible? At least not under divine beings. There were few, so you should just think, so they had a choice?
Why is not heaven on earth? Now, that we owe to Shu. It was not so much gravity that the heavens and the earth attracted to each other, but the fact that Nut and Geb were in love with each other, and every moment of the day wanted to embrace each other. This was not practical, so thought Shu (but who was he to rebuke them?) And since that decision Shu State between Nut and Geb, or there is a lot of dry air between heaven and earth. This is very beneficial for our people. A thankless task, because who has ever now grateful for the empty space around us?
6. Anubis, jackal god of the dead
Anubis is the king of alternative names. He is also known as Anpu, Imeut, Ienpw, Inpu, Lenpw and Yinepu, and there are surely have alternatives in addition to call it. He is above all a god with the head of a jackal, and he is the god of funerals and of the dead. Its origin is obscure, but it may be that Anubis is the son of Osiris. He may be a son of Ra and Nephthys mysterische itself. We do not know, and it was at that time still too early for DNA testing.
As god of the dead, Anubis was an important task. The death was in fact something that Egyptians were important and something that many of their mythology about. He was mainly a job as manager of the dead, but also as a burial-deity. He might also participate in the evaluation of the dead, and therefore he had access to a scale, where he could weigh the worth of souls. If the soul was a mortal heavy, then the soul was fed to Ammit, goddess of destruction. If the soul was light enough, however, they could pass to the eternal compliance.
7. Thoth, the ibis god of art, science, astronomy and, heck, even literature, then?
Thoth (Thoth pronounced as 'to') Tahuti sometimes called, is a god with the head of an ibis (a heron-like bird), and a comprehensive job description. He is a god of art, science, music, astronomy, speech and writings (books knew the Egyptians did not yet, but "written messages" though). He is the author of the Book of the Dead, and let Ra use the title 'top god so that he himself had hand free to explore all his knowledge and promote. Because of all that knowledge handling, incidentally, Thoth is never a good or bad god. He is simply 'Thoth'.
8. Isis, goddess of motherhood, nobility and family
Isis is sometimes called Aset, and Isis (or Aset) is the daughter of Geb and Nut. This we come later in the list still more often, so in short, Geb is the god of the earth (sometimes called "Father Earth," in contrast to the modern Mother Earth). Nut is the goddess and creator of heaven. Isis thus had a rather good family, you understand.
Isis was a lady who knew what she wanted. She went to the end of the world to find the remains of her murdered husband, Osiris. She knows his bodily remains to caulk up, to prepare them for a funeral, and "accidentally" do an additional rite was probably something to do with more than fertilize with buried. You understand perhaps all, she becomes pregnant with a son, Horus.
She was a "noble" deity that nestled in the good life of a deity. This association was strengthened by an idea that Cleopatra like uttered, she saw herself as the achievement of Isis. Much as the Romans also tried to destroy this idea, they failed here.
9. Bast, cat goddess of fertility
Bark is also known under the names: Ailuros, Bastet and Ubastet, and she is often depicted as a cat-headed entity. She is a goddess of fertility (there were more of this category). Bast is a daughter of Ra, and she was once a lion-headed goddess of the sun, but quickly turned into a cat-headed goddess who tended more towards the moon. She had another tendency, the tendency to take revenge on enemies in ways that really got sore. No cat so to tackle without gloves. The Romans would later compare her with Artemis, and Artemis was not for the cat.
Bast was also a firefighter. When a fire raged, her cat-maids would enter the burning complex and draw strength from the fire. Those were extinguishers, much more effective than a bucket of water! (incidentally, these were special cat, of course. I just want to make it clear that ordinary house cats on fire toss will not have the desired effect!). Incidentally, cats were worshiped in ancient Egypt, and they were sent to bark after their death in mummy form.
Because maternal instincts of nursing cats-cats Bast was later often associated with the title Mother Goddess. Nowadays Bast is often associated with sex and lesbians, but this has nothing to do with ancient mythology. We can only speculate about what this bark would have thought ...
10. Hathor, god of love
Hathor is also known under the name Heret, and we will see that this double name is nothing unusual for Egyptian deities. As we said, this is a very long period and names like quite often change over the years, and by region.
Anyway, the goddess Hathor named or Heret was the goddess of love and joy. She is also a patron of women and, (not exactly charming) was often depicted as a cow. We must equally caveats. First was a cow at that time a symbol of wealth. Not everyone was rich enough to own a cow, so it was a very valuable essence, such a cow. A cow was a constant source of food (milk). In addition, you had to be not only rich to buy a cow, it also maintains took some; think of all the water needed to grow corn for the animal, all in a desert! Additionally, Hathor was not one cow, no, she was seven. At the same time. Talk about a split personality ...
Hathor was a complex goddess charity also occasionally fertility, inadequate efficacy, the moon, music and 'frolic' standing. She had an intimate relationship with RA, although it is not clear whether she saw him sitting, or vice versa. There is certainly a story in which she stands up for Ra, who after a long day of work was booed by mortals, because he looked what 'burned'. Hathor took weapons in hands and murdered half the population of the Nile. And then it was Friday, and Hathor decided to rest and finish the work after the weekend. This promised them the Nile Egyptians, who did not know where to hide. Ra was not fond of this behavior, after all, he could be his own man. To prevent Hathor continued her atrocities he made an appointment with the brewers of Egypt. They were red beer (wine perhaps?) To cast into the Nile so that it would seem drenched with blood.
Hathor saw this and halted in her rage, to become aware of the strange phenomenon. She took a small sip of this bloody test image, and one thing led to another. Hathor, drunk as a scarab (beetle), drank himself unconscious. When she awoke, she could of the whole epistle not remember anything and, thankfully, not what was its original promise. It seemed also be a suitable role for her, as they would interfere with the flooding of the Nile, something which back then was something the desert dwellers in Egypt daily baths. Well that ends well.
Egyptian gods, also called Netjer were "immanent" and not "transcendental". This is just a fancy way of saying that in ancient Egypt the gods were worldly, something material and present in everyday life (immanent). The God of Christians, for example, is transcendental, she is beyond this world, not just in our daily lives but something 'higher'. Not so so Netjer, these were immanent, palpable, tangible, recognizable.
Unfortunately, the Egyptians did not allow an unambiguous book or document behind for us to "know" all the gods and decipher. Historians, however, have clay clay wall after wall of hieroglyphics and art to work with, but no clear instructions that tells who should imagine. Because the mythology of the ancient Egyptians did not use a single document (the Bible) but was free for interpretation, it is also backward knowledge that historians try to decipher quite diverse. It is helpful not note that this mythology stretching over many centuries (almost four millennia), and of course not all that time has remained constant. Finally, we are talking about a geographical area that is huge, and that at a time when there was little to no contact between the most distant points in this area.
So there was a plethora of major and minor Egyptian gods, but this does not mean that every random Ancient Egyptians worshiped each of these gods. In fact, every time probably had his preference "gods" -set but every class, rank and order to Egyptians had his or her favorites. It is impossible to enumerate all the deities here, but we can of course give a summary of the most important.
1. Amun-Ra
 |
| amon ra |
Amun was a god of wind, air and a lot of other things aside. Its popularity has long remained in the background but came to blossom when the Amun-worshipers began to reconcile with the Ra worshipers. The two gods seemed compatible, and, why not, as thought the believers, let's create one god. No sooner said than done, and behold, a new God, Amun Ra.
The list is like so many lists, not comprehensive or complete. We have tried to describe the most important and most famous Egyptian gods here, but we are certainly forget you favorite. No worries. Write a comment simply spikelet down, where your fellow readers informs about the gods and goddesses that we are forgetting.
2. Ra, god summit and the eye of the sun
 |
| Ra, god summit and the eye of the sun |
Mankind is made of tears and if you want to worship him, or simply see no misfortune, simply look in the afternoon in the sun. Ra is because the eye of the sun, and looks especially around noon down on his creation.
The story goes that, every night, Ra fights his way through 12 stages of the night, which is equivalent to the sky goddess Nut. He begins the night to enter her through her mouth, herself fighting her way through her guts, and let the day "to be reborn" when he was 12 hours later through her birth canal appears again. How the digestive system transfers to the reproductive organ is a mystery, but, well, the story still rattles on a bit more detail. The boat on which he undertook this crusade, incidentally, is called Mantchet, and his boat for the quieter waterways during the day is Semketet.
3. Set, god of chaos
 |
| set Figure: Jeff Dahl / Wiki Commons |
He sometimes had donkey ears, a scorpion tail and the head of an aardvark, other times the head of a hippopotamus, or a crocodile tail. Anyway, seldom "fine" or "noble" animals. He also is not a good or fine god opposed. He was the god of chaos, destruction, and war. He was the exact opposite of his brother Osiris, the god of fertility peaceful vegetation. He was a passionate God, and killed his brother (twice) because of its cool nature.
Horus, son of Osiris, eventually sought retribution for the evil that Seth had done to his father and this war lasted over 80 years. The other gods watched, finally decided that Seth had lost the battle, and sent him out of the country, to only as the voice of thunder occasionally be heard.
4. Osiris (another) god of the underworld
 |
| Osiris Figure: Jeff Dahl / Wiki Commons |
Set was not so easy to destroy, however, cut off his far-pilariseerde brother in countless small pieces and spread it all over Egypt. Crushed stones in a vast wilderness that thought, Set, Isis would be keep as sweet.
Isis, however, gathered all the pieces in no time (after all, gods live forever, so time is not a problem). Now had done it lasted long enough, so did the mighty Ra, and he sent Thoth and Anubis to help. Together they all knew Osiris again to put together, with the exception of one small piece. This piece was set cunningly pushed back, and it was necessary to rebuild Osiris. Ultimately, however, it still managed to Isis Osiris fully reconstruct, and they could then mummify him and buried. On the day of the funeral, she could not resist his deadly charms, and mounted him one last time. This last passionate embrace their son Horus would be born.
In the meantime, Osiris, thanks to his mummification, resurrected in the underworld, and there he was elevated to judge of souls, as Anubis ever had.
5. Shu, sky god
 |
| Shu Figure: Jeff Dahl / Wiki Commons |
Why is not heaven on earth? Now, that we owe to Shu. It was not so much gravity that the heavens and the earth attracted to each other, but the fact that Nut and Geb were in love with each other, and every moment of the day wanted to embrace each other. This was not practical, so thought Shu (but who was he to rebuke them?) And since that decision Shu State between Nut and Geb, or there is a lot of dry air between heaven and earth. This is very beneficial for our people. A thankless task, because who has ever now grateful for the empty space around us?
6. Anubis, jackal god of the dead
 |
| Anubis Figure: Jeff Dahl / Wiki Commons |
As god of the dead, Anubis was an important task. The death was in fact something that Egyptians were important and something that many of their mythology about. He was mainly a job as manager of the dead, but also as a burial-deity. He might also participate in the evaluation of the dead, and therefore he had access to a scale, where he could weigh the worth of souls. If the soul was a mortal heavy, then the soul was fed to Ammit, goddess of destruction. If the soul was light enough, however, they could pass to the eternal compliance.
7. Thoth, the ibis god of art, science, astronomy and, heck, even literature, then?
 |
| Thoth |
8. Isis, goddess of motherhood, nobility and family
 |
| Isis |
Isis was a lady who knew what she wanted. She went to the end of the world to find the remains of her murdered husband, Osiris. She knows his bodily remains to caulk up, to prepare them for a funeral, and "accidentally" do an additional rite was probably something to do with more than fertilize with buried. You understand perhaps all, she becomes pregnant with a son, Horus.
She was a "noble" deity that nestled in the good life of a deity. This association was strengthened by an idea that Cleopatra like uttered, she saw herself as the achievement of Isis. Much as the Romans also tried to destroy this idea, they failed here.
9. Bast, cat goddess of fertility
 |
| Figure: Gunkarta / Wiki Commons |
Bast was also a firefighter. When a fire raged, her cat-maids would enter the burning complex and draw strength from the fire. Those were extinguishers, much more effective than a bucket of water! (incidentally, these were special cat, of course. I just want to make it clear that ordinary house cats on fire toss will not have the desired effect!). Incidentally, cats were worshiped in ancient Egypt, and they were sent to bark after their death in mummy form.
Because maternal instincts of nursing cats-cats Bast was later often associated with the title Mother Goddess. Nowadays Bast is often associated with sex and lesbians, but this has nothing to do with ancient mythology. We can only speculate about what this bark would have thought ...
10. Hathor, god of love
 |
| Hathor Figure: Jeff Dahl / Wiki Commons |
Anyway, the goddess Hathor named or Heret was the goddess of love and joy. She is also a patron of women and, (not exactly charming) was often depicted as a cow. We must equally caveats. First was a cow at that time a symbol of wealth. Not everyone was rich enough to own a cow, so it was a very valuable essence, such a cow. A cow was a constant source of food (milk). In addition, you had to be not only rich to buy a cow, it also maintains took some; think of all the water needed to grow corn for the animal, all in a desert! Additionally, Hathor was not one cow, no, she was seven. At the same time. Talk about a split personality ...
Hathor was a complex goddess charity also occasionally fertility, inadequate efficacy, the moon, music and 'frolic' standing. She had an intimate relationship with RA, although it is not clear whether she saw him sitting, or vice versa. There is certainly a story in which she stands up for Ra, who after a long day of work was booed by mortals, because he looked what 'burned'. Hathor took weapons in hands and murdered half the population of the Nile. And then it was Friday, and Hathor decided to rest and finish the work after the weekend. This promised them the Nile Egyptians, who did not know where to hide. Ra was not fond of this behavior, after all, he could be his own man. To prevent Hathor continued her atrocities he made an appointment with the brewers of Egypt. They were red beer (wine perhaps?) To cast into the Nile so that it would seem drenched with blood.
Hathor saw this and halted in her rage, to become aware of the strange phenomenon. She took a small sip of this bloody test image, and one thing led to another. Hathor, drunk as a scarab (beetle), drank himself unconscious. When she awoke, she could of the whole epistle not remember anything and, thankfully, not what was its original promise. It seemed also be a suitable role for her, as they would interfere with the flooding of the Nile, something which back then was something the desert dwellers in Egypt daily baths. Well that ends well.
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