Rahim Tabet | Desember 06, 2014 |
Biography
Descartes said "I think, therefore I am." While Socrates was convinced that "All I know is that I know nothing.". In addition, he believed that wonder is the beginning of wisdom, while Augustine insisted that patience was the right companion of wisdom. A philosopher, a philosophical movement, it seems almost. But in our history, there are only a handful of philosophers really famous (or infamous) become to their philosophies. Some, because they were the basis for other scientific disciplines, others because they incite complete economic reforms, and others because they either faith supported or undermined. Anyway, the next ten Great Thinkers have had a major impact on their environment, and a clear trail left in history. Whether you are agree with them or not, these thinkers were able to bring their ideas to the man in their time or afterwards, and their names will probably remain for a long time known.
1.Modern Philosophy Father : Rene Descartes
In the introduction to his famous words all came forward: "I think, therefore I am." Born in 1596 and died in 1650, Descartes was a Frenchman who delivered alongside philosophy also contribute a lot in mathematics. In the philosophical field, however, he is known for his Dualism: the idea that the mind and the body are separate entities, who must live together in harmony (but where the head of the line must have). Descartes were observations by our body, of inferior quality, and to know anything really, it had to be constructed through reason and logic. Because he already doubted his observations, who knew nothing about the existence of his body. But in his mind, as he did know of what, after all, he thought, so he was. It was God who Descartes (and everyone else) gave this spirit with thoughts, and therefore so Descartes had a reasonable argument to do some of his bodily perceptions as 'true' to accept?
Are you still there? It's a complicated story, but it was also revolutionary for its time, and Descartes would put many other famous philosophers think. Spinoza, Kant and Hegel, big names in philosophy, all have found inspiration in Descartes ideology.
2. Aristotle
He lived from 384 to 322 and is the founder of modern logic. When we today call "use logical reasoning, we rely on the theory that he has developed over 2000 years ago and written. The idea that there is a kind of hierarchy in life, also comes from Aristotle. He began his philosophical career under the wings of Plato, in his Academy, but later he formed his own school, the Lyceum (again, all Lycea owe their name to it).
It's hard to say where Aristotle is known for. He had finger in the pie in many disciplines, and there is to think of any current scientific discipline that has not helped in small degree by Aristotle's ideas. Biology, for example, owes much to the idea of using a scientific classification (although we have now proposed classification no longer use).
He managed to make contributions in philosophy, politics, rhetoric, metaphysics and physics, theater and music, and finally, he is known for his Golden Middle: the idea that the most desirable of a person's character is always between two extremes. Take for example 'courage', this would be the golden middle between the extremes recklessness and cowardice.
This list is much too short, there have been lots of Great Thinkers who deserve a spot on this list. However, there are only 10 fit, and these are 10 that are very well known, or have had a lot of influence. Why no longer list, then? I close with a quote from Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: "In the less is the Master."
3. From the East: Avicenna
Avicenna is the Latinized name of this Persian Thinker. Ibn Sina (son of Sina), lived from 980 to 1037, and he was a renaissance man of the Renaissance but also came close in Europe. He was a scientist, a philosopher, and physician, and wrote many articles on all subjects, scrolls and books. He has influenced many disciplines in science, but in terms of philosophy we owe to him three of the five famous inductive logic.
4. Confucius
Master Kong Qiu, a Chinese philosopher who lived between 551 and 479 BC, is one of the most important philosophers of the Oriental history. Around the time that the Greeks had their heyday in terms philosophy and ethics, also argued Kong Qiu the importance of ethics and politics in society. Although Confucius was indeed before the emperor, and therefore rejected a democracy, he was convinced however that an emperor had limited power. After all, a ruler can only (good) prevail if he can expect cooperation from his people. By coercion, a ruler never reach its full potential, as Confucius. He formed his own version of the Golden Rule: What you do not want to experience, do not let that experience a different, and what you would like, be prepared to give it another. Particularly in this form of the Golden Rule is that there is an active component to. Not only do you harm others, but you should actively give another positive things.
5. Father Of Liberalism: John Locke
John Locke was an Englishman who lived from 1632 to 1704 (until he died at the age of 72, for that period so old boss). He is considered the founder of humanistic thinking and individual freedoms. The idea that everyone has equal rights and duties under the law had came from Locke. In his opinion the government had power only because the people gave the government authority to do so. Therefore, the government allowed the 'common man' control, provided three 'natural' rights were not affected (these were rights: life, liberty and country). He was not ported the idea that the nobility in power held by inheritance. His ideas were especially successful in America. The Declaration of Independence, written by Thomas Jefferson as the lock on the American War of Independence with England, was inspired by Locke's ideas.
6. Paul of Tarsus
In other words, Paul the Apostle. He lived between 5 and 67 AD, and was, as his nickname suggests, an apostle. When we see Jesus as the foundation of Christianity, then Paul is one of the thickest pillars. Historians think that if Paul had not written so ardent letters, and everywhere the word had spread of Jesus, Christianity probably would have died an early death, 300 years after Christ's Passion.
Oddly Paul never met Jesus in person. He has already won his knowledge through hearsay and other Apostles, although he was often disagree with others. Especially Peter and Paul had more than once quarrel. Where Peter wanted to keep some Jewish traditions, Paul believed that such things were not necessary, after all, a belief in Jesus was all that mattered. Dietary restrictions and circumcision were not needed. We know now, 2000 years after this quarrel, but who won that argument ...
7. Epicureanism: Epicurus
Epicurus (his name means comrade, or ally) lived in Greece between 341 and 270 BC. He has been in the past, rather accused of hedonism, especially by Christian writers who suspected that he was an atheist. However, Epicurus was not so much an atheist as someone who suggested that we should believe only that which we can actually observe. And God did not fall, because after all, he is (for most people) is not observable. The adagio of Epicureanism is "whatever happens, enjoy life, because you only get one." But that he was trying to create a riotous chaos. Epicurus himself saw 'enjoy life' as an act of proper behavior toward others, avoiding pain and everything 'in moderation' business.
8. Stoicism: Zeno of Citium
The second Greek on the list, Zeno lived (you guessed it) in Citium, between 334 and 262 BC. A contemporary of Epicurus so. He is the founder of Stoicism, a word that derives from the Greek word 'Stoa', a portico. Stoicism teaches us that all our suffering brings in life, is simply a misinterpretation of ourselves. We must, as would have Stoicism, anywhere in complete control of our emotions. All expressions of emotion such as anger, depression, joy, that all errors in our speech.
Initially Stoicism seems to be diametrically opposed to Epicureanism. Yet there are those who just combine these two streams of thought. Try it yourself, maybe it's a direction where you feel something?
9. The Unmoved Mover: Thomas Aquinas
Thomas was born in 1225 and lived until 1274 in Italy. He was a Dominican friar and is known as the man who has proved the existence of God by arguing that there must have been someone who has been the beginning of everything (since everything has a beginning and an end). This argument has become famous as the "Argument of the First Mover". Another poetic term for them is "The Unmoved Mover. Thomas was particularly popular in his own time, but even now, because he philosophy and moral ethics tried to explain to the layman. Due to its simple approach, he was able to reach large crowds.
Incidentally, Thomas did not end with his first argument. In total, he wrote five different reasons why God should exist.
10. Plato
We go back to Ancient Greece. Stoics and Epicureans for our concerns began to worry about a good life, there was Plato. Plato lived between 428 and 348 (over 80 years). He was a student of another well-known philosopher, Socrates. However, because Socrates himself never put anything on paper, and everything we know about him, Plato and other Greeks coming, do not we have him in this list. Plato, who wrote, is number two.
Students will be glad to hear that he is the first founder of a Higher School. He called the Athens Academy, and all other 'academies' strains of this word out. Plato put his money on education. His belief was that the state could be led only really good when its leaders were philosophers (ie, people who could think reasonable and prudent). He had, moreover, a whole State developed, which would support three "boxes" people in society: leaders (thinkers) warriors and workers. A child was born within a commune, and as such was a member of society, not a parents. So everyone shared children, sisters, brothers and so on. It remained at an ideal of Plato, State has never become a reality.
What Plato did manage to accomplish, the education of our number one was on the list: Aristotle.
 |
| Rene Descartes |
1.Modern Philosophy Father : Rene Descartes
In the introduction to his famous words all came forward: "I think, therefore I am." Born in 1596 and died in 1650, Descartes was a Frenchman who delivered alongside philosophy also contribute a lot in mathematics. In the philosophical field, however, he is known for his Dualism: the idea that the mind and the body are separate entities, who must live together in harmony (but where the head of the line must have). Descartes were observations by our body, of inferior quality, and to know anything really, it had to be constructed through reason and logic. Because he already doubted his observations, who knew nothing about the existence of his body. But in his mind, as he did know of what, after all, he thought, so he was. It was God who Descartes (and everyone else) gave this spirit with thoughts, and therefore so Descartes had a reasonable argument to do some of his bodily perceptions as 'true' to accept?
Are you still there? It's a complicated story, but it was also revolutionary for its time, and Descartes would put many other famous philosophers think. Spinoza, Kant and Hegel, big names in philosophy, all have found inspiration in Descartes ideology.
 |
| Aristotle |
He lived from 384 to 322 and is the founder of modern logic. When we today call "use logical reasoning, we rely on the theory that he has developed over 2000 years ago and written. The idea that there is a kind of hierarchy in life, also comes from Aristotle. He began his philosophical career under the wings of Plato, in his Academy, but later he formed his own school, the Lyceum (again, all Lycea owe their name to it).
It's hard to say where Aristotle is known for. He had finger in the pie in many disciplines, and there is to think of any current scientific discipline that has not helped in small degree by Aristotle's ideas. Biology, for example, owes much to the idea of using a scientific classification (although we have now proposed classification no longer use).
He managed to make contributions in philosophy, politics, rhetoric, metaphysics and physics, theater and music, and finally, he is known for his Golden Middle: the idea that the most desirable of a person's character is always between two extremes. Take for example 'courage', this would be the golden middle between the extremes recklessness and cowardice.
This list is much too short, there have been lots of Great Thinkers who deserve a spot on this list. However, there are only 10 fit, and these are 10 that are very well known, or have had a lot of influence. Why no longer list, then? I close with a quote from Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: "In the less is the Master."
 |
| Avicenna |
3. From the East: Avicenna
Avicenna is the Latinized name of this Persian Thinker. Ibn Sina (son of Sina), lived from 980 to 1037, and he was a renaissance man of the Renaissance but also came close in Europe. He was a scientist, a philosopher, and physician, and wrote many articles on all subjects, scrolls and books. He has influenced many disciplines in science, but in terms of philosophy we owe to him three of the five famous inductive logic.
 |
| Confucius |
4. Confucius
Master Kong Qiu, a Chinese philosopher who lived between 551 and 479 BC, is one of the most important philosophers of the Oriental history. Around the time that the Greeks had their heyday in terms philosophy and ethics, also argued Kong Qiu the importance of ethics and politics in society. Although Confucius was indeed before the emperor, and therefore rejected a democracy, he was convinced however that an emperor had limited power. After all, a ruler can only (good) prevail if he can expect cooperation from his people. By coercion, a ruler never reach its full potential, as Confucius. He formed his own version of the Golden Rule: What you do not want to experience, do not let that experience a different, and what you would like, be prepared to give it another. Particularly in this form of the Golden Rule is that there is an active component to. Not only do you harm others, but you should actively give another positive things.
 |
| John Locke |
5. Father Of Liberalism: John Locke
John Locke was an Englishman who lived from 1632 to 1704 (until he died at the age of 72, for that period so old boss). He is considered the founder of humanistic thinking and individual freedoms. The idea that everyone has equal rights and duties under the law had came from Locke. In his opinion the government had power only because the people gave the government authority to do so. Therefore, the government allowed the 'common man' control, provided three 'natural' rights were not affected (these were rights: life, liberty and country). He was not ported the idea that the nobility in power held by inheritance. His ideas were especially successful in America. The Declaration of Independence, written by Thomas Jefferson as the lock on the American War of Independence with England, was inspired by Locke's ideas.
 |
| Paul of Tarsus |
6. Paul of Tarsus
In other words, Paul the Apostle. He lived between 5 and 67 AD, and was, as his nickname suggests, an apostle. When we see Jesus as the foundation of Christianity, then Paul is one of the thickest pillars. Historians think that if Paul had not written so ardent letters, and everywhere the word had spread of Jesus, Christianity probably would have died an early death, 300 years after Christ's Passion.
Oddly Paul never met Jesus in person. He has already won his knowledge through hearsay and other Apostles, although he was often disagree with others. Especially Peter and Paul had more than once quarrel. Where Peter wanted to keep some Jewish traditions, Paul believed that such things were not necessary, after all, a belief in Jesus was all that mattered. Dietary restrictions and circumcision were not needed. We know now, 2000 years after this quarrel, but who won that argument ...
 |
| Epicurus |
7. Epicureanism: Epicurus
Epicurus (his name means comrade, or ally) lived in Greece between 341 and 270 BC. He has been in the past, rather accused of hedonism, especially by Christian writers who suspected that he was an atheist. However, Epicurus was not so much an atheist as someone who suggested that we should believe only that which we can actually observe. And God did not fall, because after all, he is (for most people) is not observable. The adagio of Epicureanism is "whatever happens, enjoy life, because you only get one." But that he was trying to create a riotous chaos. Epicurus himself saw 'enjoy life' as an act of proper behavior toward others, avoiding pain and everything 'in moderation' business.
 |
| Zeno of Citium |
8. Stoicism: Zeno of Citium
The second Greek on the list, Zeno lived (you guessed it) in Citium, between 334 and 262 BC. A contemporary of Epicurus so. He is the founder of Stoicism, a word that derives from the Greek word 'Stoa', a portico. Stoicism teaches us that all our suffering brings in life, is simply a misinterpretation of ourselves. We must, as would have Stoicism, anywhere in complete control of our emotions. All expressions of emotion such as anger, depression, joy, that all errors in our speech.
Initially Stoicism seems to be diametrically opposed to Epicureanism. Yet there are those who just combine these two streams of thought. Try it yourself, maybe it's a direction where you feel something?
 |
| Thomas Aquinas |
9. The Unmoved Mover: Thomas Aquinas
Thomas was born in 1225 and lived until 1274 in Italy. He was a Dominican friar and is known as the man who has proved the existence of God by arguing that there must have been someone who has been the beginning of everything (since everything has a beginning and an end). This argument has become famous as the "Argument of the First Mover". Another poetic term for them is "The Unmoved Mover. Thomas was particularly popular in his own time, but even now, because he philosophy and moral ethics tried to explain to the layman. Due to its simple approach, he was able to reach large crowds.
Incidentally, Thomas did not end with his first argument. In total, he wrote five different reasons why God should exist.
We go back to Ancient Greece. Stoics and Epicureans for our concerns began to worry about a good life, there was Plato. Plato lived between 428 and 348 (over 80 years). He was a student of another well-known philosopher, Socrates. However, because Socrates himself never put anything on paper, and everything we know about him, Plato and other Greeks coming, do not we have him in this list. Plato, who wrote, is number two.
Students will be glad to hear that he is the first founder of a Higher School. He called the Athens Academy, and all other 'academies' strains of this word out. Plato put his money on education. His belief was that the state could be led only really good when its leaders were philosophers (ie, people who could think reasonable and prudent). He had, moreover, a whole State developed, which would support three "boxes" people in society: leaders (thinkers) warriors and workers. A child was born within a commune, and as such was a member of society, not a parents. So everyone shared children, sisters, brothers and so on. It remained at an ideal of Plato, State has never become a reality.
What Plato did manage to accomplish, the education of our number one was on the list: Aristotle.
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